Oncology is the medical field focused on diagnosing and treating cancer. It includes various specialties such as medical oncology, which uses chemotherapy and targeted therapies, surgical oncology for tumor removal, and radiation oncology, which utilizes high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. Modern oncology emphasizes personalized treatment plans and innovative therapies like immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes. It also prioritizes supportive care to manage symptoms and enhance the quality of life for those affected by cancer.